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Edison, Thomas Alva
1847–1931, American inventor, b. Milan, Ohio.



A genius in the practical application of scientific principles(aplicación práctica de los principios científicos), Edison was one of the greatest and most productive inventors of his time(época), but his formal schooling(estudios) was limited to three months in Port Huron, Mich., in 1854. For several years he was a newsboy(repartidor de periódicos) on the Grand Trunk RR, and it was during this period that he began to suffer from deafness(sordera), which was to increase throughout(durante (el resto de)) his life. He later worked as a telegraph operator(operador de telégrafo) in various cities.


Edison's first inventions were the transmitter(transmisor) and receiver(receptor) for the automatic telegraph, the quadruplex system of transmitting four simultaneous messages, and an improved(mejorado) stock-ticker(teletipo para las transacciones de los titulos) system. In 1877 he invented the carbon telephone transmitter for the Western Union Telegraph Company. His phonograph(fonógrafo) (patented 1878) was notable(destacable, notable) as the first successful(exitoso) instrument of its kind.

In 1879, Edison created the first commercially practical incandescent lamp(bombilla incadescente) (with a carbon filament). For use with it he developed(desarrolló) a complete electrical distribution system for light and power, including generators, motors, light sockets(conectores, enchufes) with the Edison base, junction boxes(cajas de conextiones), safety fuses(fusibles de seguridad), underground conductors(conductores de tierras), and other devices(aparatos, mecanismos). The crowning achievement of his work(el logro culminante de su trabajo) in this field(campo) was the Pearl St. plant (1881–82) in New York City, the first permanent central electric-light power plant(planta de energía de luz eléctrica) in the world. He also built and operated (1880) an experimental electric railroad(vía férrea eléctrica), and produced a superior storage battery of iron and nickel(batería de almacenamiento superior de hierro)  with an alkaline electrolyte(electrolito alcalino).


Other significant inventions include the Kinetoscope, or peep-show machine(máquina que muestra un espectáculo de bailarinas semidesnudas). Edison later demonstrated experimentally the synchronization of motion pictures(película de cine) and sound, and talking pictures were based on this work. During World War I he helped to develop(desarrollar) the manufacture(manufactura, elaboración) in the United States of chemicals(sustancias químicas) previously imported; he also served as head(cabeza, dirigente) of the U.S. navy consulting board(junta, comisión asesora) concerned with(relacionada con) ship defenses against torpedoes and mines. Edison later worked on the production of rubber(goma, caucho) from American plants, notably(especialmente) goldenrod(vara de San José).

Edison held(obtuvo, mantuvo) over 1,300 U.S. and foreign patents, and his workshops(talleres) at Menlo Park (1876) and West Orange, N.J. (1887), were significant as forerunners(precursores) of the modern industrial research laboratory(moderna investigación industrial de laboratorio) in which teams of workers, rather than a lone inventor(un sólo inventor), systematically investigate a given subject(asunto dado, determinado).


An Edison memorial tower(torre conmemorativa) and light was erected (1938) in Menlo Park, N.J.; Edison's laboratory and other buildings associated with his career are preserved or replicated in Greenfield Village. Some of his various companies were consolidated to form the General Electric Company (GE).
 
 
Fuente: http://www.infoplease.com

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